What does quorum mean in a high-availability storage cluster?

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Quorum is the minimum number of nodes that must be in agreement to make and commit writes in a high-availability storage cluster. In practice, this is a majority of the nodes. Requiring a majority helps prevent split-brain: when a partition occurs, only the side with more than half the nodes can continue to write, ensuring consistent data and preventing conflicting updates across partitions. Writes proceed only when a majority can be reached, while partitions without a majority may become read-only or unavailable to protect data integrity. The other descriptions describe situations that don’t guarantee consistency or availability, which is why they aren’t correct.